Glossary of Johnny Tremain Chapter 2

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Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes

Chapter 2 Glossary

Section 1

prosperous (adj): financially successful

ruddy (adj): red in color

slavishly (adv): done like a slave

coarse (adj): rough

 proportion (n): having the correct size in relation to other things

ware (n): manufactured goods

unexpired (adj): not yet having come to an end, still valid

shunt (v): to divert into an alternate course

Section 2

tyranny (n): rule by force

dire (adj): desperate

tediously (adv): slowly, dully

mundane (adj): dull, usual, typical

 customary (adj): usual

eloquence (n): fluent, powerful speech

piteous (adj): sorrowful, mournful

stocks (n): an instrument of punishment in which the head and/or limbs of the offender were locked

 

Section 3

hitch (n): a slight jerk

bellows (n): devices used to create puffs of air by pumping

insufferable (adj): unbearable

ingot (n): a brick-shaped piece of cast metal

turnip watch (n): a large, clunky pocket watch

wink (v): to gleam or flash intermittedly

poultice (n): a soft, moist mass of cloth, bread, herbs, etc. applied hot to heal a wound

midwife (n): a person trained to assist women in childbirth

Section 4a

linseed (n): a plant whose oil is used for painting or nutritional purposes

cackle (n): the loud clucking noise of a hen; a witch-like laugh

resort (v): to turn for help

vast (adj): great in area or size

ulceration (n): a sore or open wound

laudanum (n): opium (drug) used to put people to sleep

abate (v): to make or become less

competent (adj): having the ability to do what is required

 Section 4b

reprove (v): to scold or condemn

muck (v): to make dirty

porter (n): a person employed to carry cargo or luggage

mete (v): to distribute

 thimble (n): a small metal cap protecting the finger which pushes the needle in sewing

coopering (v): making barrels or tubs

maim (v): to wound or hurt so that some part of the body is useless

derrick (n): a crane with one long arm anchored to the ground or a center post

  

Section 5

skein (n): a loose bundle of yarn

berate (v): to scold

mutual (adj): shared

extravagant (adj): spending excessively

glint (n): flash of light

loiter (v): to linger or stand about

repentant (adj): feeling sorry or regretful

erstwhile (adj): formerly

6A/6B Johnny Tremain Ch. I Glossary

Glossary of Johnny Tremaine by Esther Forbes

Chapter I

Section 1

Pg. 1

Wharves (wharf)- a landing place for ships to load or unload cargo

Quarrel – to argue

Cocks - roosters

Malt – grain (usually barley) that is used for brewing

Granaries – storehouses for grain

(Ship) Holds – spaces below a ship’s deck for storing cargo

Hovels – miserable dwellings

Halters – a rope or leather strap fastened around a horse’s head

Lowed – to make the sound of cattle (moo)

Weather vanes – rotating blade that indicates the direction of the wind

Steeples – tall towers with spires (thin points) on top, especially found on churches

Pg. 2

Feeble – weak, without strength, force, or effectiveness

Stout – too round or fat

Bellows – yells

Penetrate – to make a way into, or pierce

Pertly – cheeky, lively

Wallowing – indulging oneself

Pg. 3

Breeches – pants

Wry – twisted into a expression of disgust, disappointment, or mockery

Lank – Tall and lean; long and limp

Swinish – pig-like

Lorded – domineered; made others obey

Infernally – detestably, tiringly

Blandly – plainly

Pg. 4

Flaccid – hanging loosely; not firm

Parasitic – living on or drawing nourishment from another

Servitude – the condition of being forced to work for others without freedom

Autocratic – having unlimited power

Pg. 5

Brackish – slightly salty

Annealing – toughening (glass or metal) by heating and then cooling

Subdued – overcome, under control

Bustling – making a show of hurrying

Pg. 6

Conventional – traditional

lingering – staying a long time, especially as if reluctant to leave

halo – ring of light shone around the head

wages – regular payment to an employee

pg. 7

formidable – difficult to do or overcome

hearth – floor of a fireplace

elegance – tasteful appearance or style

ethereal – light and delicate in appearance; heavenly

apoplectic – intense enough to threaten

stays – wires supporting the corset

prissy – prim, snobby

pg. 8

buxom – plump and healthy looking

spindly – long or tall and thin

maturity – having reached full growth or development

hemp – a plant from which coarse fibers for cloth are obtained

Pg. 9

innumerable – too many to be counted

artisan – a skilled manual workman in an industry or trade

gauge – a standard measure of contents; i.e. thickness or metal

crucible – a pot in which metals are melted; a test

Section 2

Pg. 10

Befitted - suited

Venerable – worthy of deep respect because of age, associations, etc

Remote – far away from civilization

Groping – searching blindly

Deacon – a clergyman ranking below a priest; a layman attending to church business

Pious – devout in religion; virtuous

Gruel – thin porridge

Petticoat – female’s undergarment

Genteel – affectedly polite

Pg. 11

Scalded – injured or pained with hot liquid; to heat near boiling point

Sluggards – a slow or lazy person

Surging – To move forward like waves

Graven - carved

Agape – open-mouthed

Pg. 12

Haughty – proud of oneself; looking down on others

Expound – to set forth or explain in detail

Sulky – sullen, silent, bad tempered

Wrathfully – done in extreme anger

Section 3

Pg. 14

Patron – landowner, one who pays for the work of an artist.

Splayed – spread apart or slanted

Gadroon – ornamental pattern in silver

Pg. 15

Reverie – a daydream

Arrogantly – done in a proud or overbearing way

Pg. 16

Gig – a light, two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage

Unobtrusively – going unnoticed

Affluence – riches or wealth

Sprigged- decorated with small branches or flowers

Soldering – cementing metal parts together

Pg. 17

Garland – a wreath of flowers hung as decoration

Repousse – patterns made in silver by hammering on the reverse side.

Intricate – very complicated

Pg. 18

Protuberant – bulging outward from a surface

Vulgarity – lacking in refinement or poor taste

Pg. 19

August – majestic, imposing

Mincing – cutting into small pieces with a knife

Solemnly – done without smiling

Patronage – support given by a patriot

Diligent – hard working; putting in effort

Esquire – a courtesy title placed after a surname

Section 4

Pg. 21

Flagon – tall glass used for drinking

Leisurely – without hurrying

Pg. 22

Solitude – state of isolation

Lamentable - regrettable

Section 5

Pg. 23

Dire – dreadful terrible; predicting trouble; extreme or urgent

Abroad – away from one’s own country; out and about

Pg. 24

Perspiration - sweat

Baptized – to give a Christian name

Pg. 26

Frilly – an unnecessary extra

Bow-legged – outward curvature of legs

Sluts – a slovenly, lazy woman

Pg. 27

Currants – dried fruit of a small seedless grape

Pg.28

Gentlefolk – people of good family

Section 6

Pg. 30

Halting – spoken hesitantly

Fatigue – tiredness from hard work

Whist – card game for two players

Mum – silent

7B "Tell Tale Heart"

Write a paragraph of 4-5 sentences in response to one of the discussion prompts provided by your classmates. Format as follows:
Topic sentence (state your opinion and the main reason for your opinion).
Supporting example (Give an example from the story- even better to mention the chapter)
Explain how that example supports your opinion. (This could be more than one sentence if you feel that is necessary)
Concluding Sentence (Persuasively restate your opinion)

Questions:

Is the narrator crazy?

Were the police on to him?

What was Poe's inspiration for these stories?

Was Poe mad?

What (if anything) differentiates Poe from his narrator?

Why does Poe choose the beating heart? Is it symbolic?

What is the tell tale heart?

6B Wind in the Willows Reflection

Write a paragraph of 4-5 sentences in response to one of the discussion prompts provided by your classmates. Format as follows:
Topic sentence (state your opinion and the main reason for your opinion).
Supporting example (Give an example from the story- even better to mention the chapter)
Explain how that example supports your opinion. (This could be more than one sentence if you feel that is necessary)
Concluding Sentence (Persuasively restate your opinion)

Questions:
Why do Toad's friends continue to help him in spite of his wrongdoings?

Why does Toad always run from trouble? What would it take for him to face it?

Why is Toad never ashamed of himself?

Why did Badger keep the secret from Toad? Why does he tell him now? Were these choices wise?

6A Wind in the Willows Reflection

Write a paragraph of 4-5 sentences in response to one of the discussion prompts provided by your classmates. Format as follows:
Topic sentence (state your opinion and the main reason for your opinion).
Supporting example (Give an example from the story- even better to mention the chapter)
Explain how that example supports your opinion. (This could be more than one sentence if you feel that is necessary)
Concluding Sentence (Persuasively restate your opinion)

Questions:
Why did his friends not return to Rat to prison for his safety and the benefit of society?

 Has Toad changed as a result of any of his adventures?

Was Badger wise in revealing the secret tunnel to Toad?

What kind of relationship do you think Toad had with his family?

Why is Toad always changing his mind?

7A

7A is back to their former glory with a 97% class average on last week's vocabulary and grammar quiz!

7A/B Complete "Ligeia" Word list

Ligeia by Edgar Allen Poe

Vocabulary

Words are listed in order of appearance in the text.

placid – (adj.) calm, peaceful

enthralling – (v./adj.) captivating

eloquence – (n.) fluent and powerful speech

The Rhine – West German River

paternal –  (adj.) of the father

institute –(v.) establish

caprice –(n.) a whim; sudden impulse or desire

shrine – (n.) alter or chapel

wan—(adj.) pale, from illness or exhaustion

idolatrous – (adj.) worshipping idols

presided – (v.) held authority over

ill-omened – (adj.) doomed

emaciated – (v.) made thin and feeble (by disease)

opium – (n.) stimulant drug

*Daughters of Delos - The three daughters of king Anius of Delos, Oeno (wine), Spermo (wheat) and Elais (oliveoil). Their grandfather was Dionysus, and he gave them the powers to change water into wine, grass into wheat and berries into olives. When the Greek fleet set out to make war in Troy, the daughters stocked their ships. Agamemnon then kidnapped them. Dionysus saved them by turning them into white doves.

Bacon, Lord Verulam - Francis Bacon, born in London, 1561. He was a brilliant writer and philospher. He originated the saying, "Knowledge is Power". Bacon's actual quote, paraphrased by Poe in "Ligeia" is, "There is no excellent beauty that hath not some strangeness in the proportion."

genera – (n.) plural of genus; classified type

repose—(n./v.) rest; sleep

Homeric –(adj) Of or relating to the Ancient Greek poet philosopher Homer

epithet – (n.) expression; A characterizing word or phrase accompanying or occurring in place of the name of a person or thing.
hyancinthine – (adj.) of the color of a hyacinth, which is a reddish-blue or deep purple flower or gemstone
aquiline – (adj.) curved/hooked like an eagle’s beak
voluptuous – (adj.) full and luxurious
*Cleomenes – King of Sparta from 232-222 BCE
*Nourjahad –A story in which the title character claims what he wants most is everlasting life and riches. A series of experiences teaches Nourjahad the vanity of his desire, and he is humbled at the end.
*Houri of the Turk - One of the beautiful maidens that in Muslim belief live with the blessed in paradise. intrench (entrench) – (v.) to establish firmly
*The well of Democritus - According to legend, the well of Democritus was bottomless. Democritus is known for laying the foundation for the modern atomic theory, declaring that matter cannot be destroyed but merely changes form.
*Twin stars of Leda - In Greek mythology, Castor and Pollux were twins born of Leda and fathered by Zeus, who disguised himself as a swan and seduced her. The twins are also the two brightest stars in the Gemini constellation.
anomalies—(n.) nontraditional things
derived—(v.) to obtain; to get from a source
chrysalis—(n.) teenage years of an insect’s development
*Star of the 6^th Magnitude –Magnitude measures brightness with 6^th being the faintest
*Lyra – Small, harp-shaped constellation
*Joseph Glanvill - (1636-1680) an English writer, philosopher, and clergyman. He wrote Sadducismus Triumphatus, which contained a valuable collection of seventeenth century folklore about witches.
volition—(n.) use of one’s own will
tumultuous—(adj.) rocky; difficult
modulation—(v.) to adjust or regulate
Classical tongues—Greek and Latin and Hebrew
proficient—(adj.) skilled
abstruse—(adj.) difficult to understand
erudition—(n.) deep, extensive learning
traversed—(v.) to travel
metaphysical – (adj.) of or relating to the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence, truth, and knowledge
ethereal – (adj.) light and delicate; heavenly
poignant –(adj.) arousing sympathy; keenly felt
benighted – (adj.) overtaken by night
Transcendentalism – (n) the philosophy that reality cannot be known and the Divine is the guiding principle of man

lustre (luster) –(n) the soft brightness of  a smooth or shiny surface

lambent – (adj.) (of flame or light) playing on a surface without burning it, soft radiance

*Saturnian Lead – alchemical symbol relating the metal to the god Saturn, the god of harvest & time, who qualities are limitation, protection, and restraint

effulgence – (n) radiance

impetuously – (adv) quickly, violently; impulsively

*Grim Azrael – The angel of death in Judaism & Islam

impotent – (adj) powerless; unable to take action

solace – (n) comfort in distress

convulsive – (adj) producing a violent upheaval or motion of the body

hearkened – (v) listened

aspirations – (n) strong desires or ambitions

dilate – (v) to make or become larger; to speak or write at length

vehemence – (n) strong, intense feeling

gala – (n) a festive occasion

throng – (n) a crowded mass of people

motley – (adj) diversified in color or character

mimic rout –(n) imitated defeat

seraphs – (n) members of the highest orders of angels in ancient Christian beliefs

imbued – (v) filled with certain feelings, qualities, or opinions

pallid – (adj) pale, lacking color

spasmodic – (adj) occurring at irregular intervals

abbey – (n) a building occupied by monks or nuns living in a community

verdant – (adj) (of grass or fields) green

perversity – (n) obstinate action against what is reasonable or required

dotage – (n) a state of weakness of mind caused by old age

incipient – (adj) in its early stages; beginning

cornices – (n) ornamental mouldings around the walls of a room just below the ceiling

bedlam – (n) a mental institution

trammels – (n) things that hamper one’s activities; dragnets for catching fish

whither – to make or become shriveled

alienation – (n) causing someone to become unfriendly or hostile

*Tremaine – a small village in Cornwall, England

moment – (n) importance

turret – (n) a small, tower-like projection on a wall

castellated – (adj) having turrets

trellice – a light framework of crossing wooden or metal bars used to support climbing plants

fretted – (adj) decorated with carved or embossed work

*Gothic – (adj) of the style of architecture common in western Europe in the 12^th – 16^th centuries, with pointed arches and rich stone carvings

*Druidical – like one of an ancient celtic priesthood appearing as a magician or a wizard

censer – (n) a container in which incense is burned, swung on chains in a religious ceremony to disperse its fragrance

Saracenic – (adj) relating to the nomadic people of the deserts between Syria and Arabia
perforations –(n) holes pierced through, often in rows so that parts may be torn off easily
endued – (v) furnished with (powers, qualities, etc.)
particolored – (adj) colored partly in one color and partly in another or others
sarcophagus – (n) a stone coffin, often decorated with carvings
*Luxor - The temple of Luxor was built in the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes in1390 BC.
immemorial – (adj) existing from before what can be remembered or has been recorded
volutes – (n) spiral, scroll-like ornaments such as can be found at the top of an Ionic capital
arabesque – (n) an elaborate design with intertwined leaves, branches, and scrolls
contrivance – (n) a plan
Norman – A native or inhabitant of Normandy
phantasmagoric – rapidly shifting, imagined
disquietude – (n) a state of uneasiness or anxiety
august – (adj) majestic, imposing
fettered – (adj) chained or shackled about the ankles
glens – (n) narrow valleys
ardor – (n) great warmth of feeling
perturbed –(adj) greatly disturbed; made anxious or uneasy
distemper – (n) a disease of dogs and other animals with coughing and weakness
convalescent – (adj) regaining health after illness; bedridden
epoch – (n) a particular period of history
chronic – (adj) (of a disease) affecting a person for a long time
eradicated – (v) gotten rid of; removed all traces of
pertinaciously – (adv) persistently, determinedly
alluded – (v) referred to casually or indirectly in speaking or writing
inarticulate – (adj) not expressed in words
decanter –(n) a stoppered glass bottle
forbore –(v) refrained from
palpable (adj) able to be touched or felt
menials –(n) servants
engendered – (v) gave rise to
precipitate – (adj) headlong; violently hurried
tenanted – (v/adj) rented from a landlord; occupied
supervened – (v) occurred as an interruption
betook –(v) caused oneself to go or move
chafed – (v) warmed by rubbing
livid – (adj) of the color of lead, bluish-grey; furiously
angry
minutely – (adv) precisely
revivification – (n) the act of giving new life to
irredeemable – (adj) unable to be saved or recovered
hitherto – (avd) until this time
dissolution – (n) the dissolving of an assembly or partnership
unwonted – (adj) not customary or usual
charnel – (adj) a place in which the bodies or the bones of the dead are kept
apparition – (n) a ghost
tumult – (n) an uproar; a state of confusion or agitation
unappeasable – (adj) unable to be made calm or quiet by making concessions
 malady – (n) an illness or disease